]en-i-bnÂ
s]menª Pohn-X-§Ä
tIc-f-¯nÂ
Bbn-c-¡-W-¡n\v Bfp-I-fmWv kz-Im-cy ]W-an-S-]m-Sp-Im-cpsS AanX ]eni
Xm§m-\m-ImsX, Pohn-¡p¶ ih-i-co-c-§-fmbn
tIgp-¶-Xv. Znhk h«n (Zn-hkw {]Xn ]eni IW-¡m-¡p-¶-Xv), aWn-¡qÀ h«n (a-Wn-¡qÀ
A\p-k-cn¨v ]eni), aoäÀ h«n, Iµp h«n, XÂ... C§s\ t]mIp¶p ]en-i-¡W-¡nsâ
\ma-t[-b-§Ä. 1958 se aWn sesâÀkv
\nb-a-{]-Im-c-amWv tIc-f-¯n kz-Im-cy ]W-an-S-]mSn\v ssek³kv \ÂIp-¶Xpw
\nb-{´-W-§Ä GÀs¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xpw. ssek³kn-ÃmsX ]en-ibv¡v ]Ww \ÂIp-¶Xpw
AwKo-IrX _m¦p-IÄ hm§p-¶-Xn--s\-¡mÄ cp iX-am-\-¯n-e-[nIw ]eni hm§p-¶Xpw
{Inan-\ Ipä-am-Wv. F¶m AX-ym-h-iy L«-¯n ]Ww e`-n-¡p-¶-Xn\v _m¦v
Bh-i-y-s¸-Sp¶ tcJ-IÄ lmP-cm-¡m³ km[n-¡m-¯-hÀ¡v C§s\ e`-n-¡p¶ ]Ww ]e L«-¯nepw
Hgn-hm-¡m-\p-am-Ip-¶n-Ã.
IY-b-Ã, PohnXw
acnb
tPmk^v AX-ym-h-iyw hnZ-ym-`-ym-k-apÅ kv{Xobm-Wv. a¡-fpsS hnZ-ym-`-ymkw GXmv
]qÀ¯n-bm-b-t¸mÄ, apgp-h³ ka-bhpw `À¯m-hnsâ _nkn-\Êv Imc-y-§Ä t\m¡p-¶-Xn\v Ahcpw
kabw Is-¯n. \à \ne-bn \S-¡p¶ _nkn-\-Êv. cp Imdpw \à hoSpw FÃm
kuI-c-y-hp-ap-v. kÀ¡mÀ Øm]-\-amb sI Fkv F^v C bn aq¶p \mev Nn«n-Ifpw IrX-ambn
AS-bv¡p-¶p. henb XpI \nt£-]n-¡p¶ _nkn-\-Êm-Wv; AXn\p X¡ em`-hp-ap-m-Ipw.
A{]-Xo-£n-X-ambn Nne _nÃp-I-fn SmIvkv kw_-Ô-amb {]iv\§Ä ImcWw XpI
amdn-sb-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn\v Ime-Xm-akw h¶p. Nn«n hnfn-s¨-Sp-¡m-sa¶p Icp-Xn-b-t¸mÄ cv
kÀ¡mÀ DtZ-ym-K-Ø-cpsS Pmayw thWw, AsÃ-¦n hoSnsâ B[mcw CuSmbn \ÂI-Ww, AXv HmhÀ
{Um^väv e`n-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn _m¦n h¨n-cn-¡p-I-bp-am-Wv.
A¸w
AIse 50 skâv Øew hm§n-bn-«Xv hn¡m³ Btem-Nn-s¨-¦nepw s]s«¶v hn¡p-t¼mÄ hne
e`n-¡m-¯-Xp-Im-cWw AXpw ths¶p h¨p. _n amdm³ ]ns¶bpw Xmakw h¶p. a¡-fpsS
D¶-X-hn-Z-ym-`-ym-k-apÄs¸-sS-bpÅ Nne-Im-c-y-§Ä¡mbn amän-h¨ ]W-amWv Cu In«m-\pÅ
_nÃnsâ t{]mP-IvSn \nt£-]n-¨-Xv. A§-s\-bn-cns¡ ]Ån-bn h¨v ]cn-N-b-s¸« HcmÄ
]en-ibv¡v ]Ww ISw \ÂIp¶ asäm-cm-fnsâ hnh-c-§Ä \ÂIn. `À¯m-hnsâ hnjaw
a\-Ên-em-¡nb acnb tPmk^v asäm-¶p-am-tem-Nn-¨n-Ã. DSs\ Abmsf t]mbn Ip. ]nsä
Znhkw Xs¶ XpI \ÂIm-sa¶v AhÀ k½-Xn-¨p. GXm\pw _vfm¦v sN¡p-I-fpw, H¸n« _vfm¦v
ap{Z-]-{Xhpw, 50 skâv Øe-¯nsâ B[m-c-¯nsâ t^mt«m-Ìmäp tIm¸nbpw am{Xw aXn-sb¶v
AhÀ ]d-ªp. Bh-i-y-s¸« apgp-h³ XpIbpw AhÀ \ÂIn.
amkm-amkw
]eni \ÂI-Ww, \qdv cq]bv¡v 10 cq] sh¨mWv ]eni IW-¡m-¡p-¶-Xv. DSs\ Xs¶ _nÃv
amdp-sa¶v Dd-¸m-bn-cp¶ ImcWw thKw ISw XoÀ¡m-sa¶p acnb Icp-Xn. _nÃn hopw
SmIvkv kw_-Ô-amb DS-¡p-IÄ, _nÃv ]mkm-t¡ DtZ-ymKس \o A-h-[n-bnÂ... A§s\ ]e
Imc-W-§-fm _nÃv ]mkm-Ip-¶Xv \op t]mbn. At¸m-tg¡pw ASp¯ t{]mP-IvSnsâ ]Wn XpS-§m-dm-bn, hopw ]Ww
Bh-i-y-am-bn. acnb tPmk^v XfÀ¶p. ]eni Xncn-¨-Shv apS¡w h¶-t¸mÄ, Hcp
cPn-kvt{SÀUv t\m«okv e`n-¨pþ X§-fpsS 50 skâv Øew hn¸-\-bv¡mbn IcmÀ Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¶pw,
AXv F{Xbpw thKw Xodv \S-¯n-s¡m-Sp-¯n-sæn tImS-Xn-bn tIkv B¡p-sa-¶p-amWv
t\m«o-kv. t\m¡n-b-t¸mÄ A¶v H¸n«p sImSp¯ _vfm¦v ap{Z-¸-{X-¯n \nÊmc hnebv¡v Hcp
hn¸-\-¡-cmÀ Dm-¡n-b-Xnsâ tIm¸nbpw Ip. Ae-dn-¡-cªv ]eni CS-]m-Sp-Im-cs\ t^mWnÂ
hnf-¨-t¸mÄ AbmÄ ]nsä-Zn-hkw ho«n NÀ¨-bv¡mbn hcm-sa-t¶-äp. ]nsä Znhkw IqsS
asäm-cm-fp-ambn AbmÄ h¶p.-]Ww \ÂIn-bXv h³tXm-¡p-I-fm-sW¶pw AhÀ¡v ]eni
\ÂIn-bn-sÃ-¦n _p²n-ap-«m-Ip-sa¶pw hni-Zo-I-cn-¨p. apS¡p ]eni IqSn
Iq«n-h-¶-t¸mÄ hm§n-b-Xn-t\m-S-Sp¯ XpI hopw h¶p. HSp-hn ho«n _l-f-ambn,
AbÂhm-kn-IÄ {i²n¨p XpS-§n. HSp-hn t]mÀ¨n InS-¡p¶ 9 e£w cq]-bpsS ImÀ AhÀ¡v
sImSp-¯m hym-P-ambn Dm-¡nb hn¸-\-¡-cmÀ Xncn-sI-X-cm-sa-¶m-bn. AhÀ Imdp-ambn
t]mbn, Icm-sdm«p XncnsI \ÂIn-b-Xp-an-Ã. DSs\ Xs¶ `mc-ybpw `À¯mhpw IqSn t]meokv
tkä-j-\n-se¯n ]cmXn \ÂIn. t]meokv cp Iq«-scbpw hnfn-¸-¨p. ]Ww XncnsI \ÂIm³
Ime-Xm-akw \ÂIm-sa-¶pw, ImÀ X§-fpsS ssIh-i-an-söpw FXnÀI-£n-IÄ ]d-ªp. t]meokv
\S-]Sn AhnsS XoÀ¶p. ]ns¶ t\cn«v tImS-Xn-bn lÀPn \ÂIn, tImSXn t]meo-kn-t\mSv
At\-z-j-W-¯n\v D¯-c-hn-«p. At-\-z-jWw \S-¯nb t]meokv tIkv hkvXp-X-IÄ
sXän-²-cn¨v Dm-b-Xm-sW¶v ImWn¨v XÅn, tImS-Xn-bn d^À dnt¸mÀ«v \ÂIn.
]eni
\ÂI-W-sa-¶m-h-i-y-a-s¸«v hopw `oj-Wn, shfp-¸n\v ka-b¯v hoSn\p ap¶nÂ
A]-cn-Nn-XÀ Ønc-ambn XSÊw sN¿p-¶p. ]Ån-bn t]mepw t]mIm³ BIp-¶n-Ã. BsI
XIÀ¶n-cns¡ Hcp sN¡v aS-§n-b-Xmbn ImWn¨v h¡o t\m«okv In«n. t\m¡n-b-t¸mÄ
\ÂIn-bn-cp¶ _vfm¦v sN¡p-I-fn H¶v `oa-amb XpI ImW¨v Hcp ]cn-N-b-hp-an-Ãm¯ HcmÄ
Xangv \m«nse GtXm Hcp _m¦n aS-§n-b-Xmbn Btcm-]-Ww. A[nIw \mÄ Ign-ªn-Ã, Xangv
\mSv tImS-Xn-bn \n¶pw ka³kv. sXm«-Sp¯ Znhkw ImkÀtImSv Hcp _m¦n sN¡v
aS-§n-sb¶v ImWn¨v atäsXm Hcm-fpsS h¡o t\m«o-kv. C\n Chn-sS-sbm-s¡ t]mbn cv
BfpsS Pmayw FSp-¡-W-sa¶v At\-z-j-W-¯n a\-Ên-em-bn. BsI XIÀ¶ acnb tPmk-^n\v
PohnXw Xs¶ aSp-¯p. CXn-\nsb HmhÀ {Um^väv C\-¯nÂ, hoSn\pw _m¦n \n¶pw
skI-yq-cn-ssä-tk-j³ \nb-a-{]-Imcw P]vXn t\m«o-kv. Cu IpSpw-_-¯nsâ
Imc-y-sa-´m-Ip-sa¶v C\n Imew sXfn-bn-¡pw. CXv Hä-s¸« kw`-h-a-Ã, ]en-i-bnÂ
s]men-bp¶ C¯cw Pohn-X- IY-IÄ C\n-bp-ap-v.
hopw ]pXn-sbmcp \nbaw
-1958
apXÂ Xs¶ kz-Im-cy ]W-an-S-]mSv \nb-{´n¡m³ \nb-a-ap-s-¦nepw acnb tPmk-^ns\
t]mepÅ Bfp-I-fpsS IY kÀ¡m-cns\ ]pXn-sbmcp \nb-a-ap-m-¡m³ t{]cn-¸n-¨p. 2012
BKkvXv amkw tIcf kÀ¡mÀ AanX ]eni CuSm-¡p-¶-Xn-s\-Xnsc kÀ¡mÀ HmÀUn-\³kv Cd-¡n.
AanX ]eni CuSm-¡Â \ntcm-[\ \nbaw 2012 AXnsâ AX-ym-h-iyw ]cn-K-Wn¨v \nb-a-k`
kt½-f-\-an-Ãm-Xn-cp-¶n-«p-IqSn HmÀUn-\³kv cq]-¯n ]pd-¯n-d-§n. Znhk h«n,
aWn-¡qÀ h«n, Iµp-h-«n, aoäÀ h«n, X ]eni Ch-sbs¡ \nb-a-hn-cp-²-am-sW¶ coXn-bnÂ
\nÀÆ-N-\-§Ä h¶p. ]en-ibpw ]Whpw Bh-i-y-s¸«v AIm-c-W-ambn ie-y-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶Xpw
ie-y-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn\v t{]cn-¸n-¡p-¶Xpw 3 hÀjw XShpw 50000 cq] ]ngbpw in£
e`n-¡p¶XmWv ]pXnb \nb-aw.
bYmÀ° hmbv]m XpI tImS-Xn-bnÂ
sI«n-hbv¡mw
IS-¡m-c\v
bYmÀ° hmbv]mXpI \nb-a-{]-Im-c-apÅ ]en-i-bpw tImS-Xn-bn sI«n-h-¨v,
]W-an-S-]m-Sn-te¡v apgp-h-\mtbm `mKo-I-amtbm Cu XpI CuSm-¡n, A\-ym-b-ambn
ssIh-i-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p¶ `qantbm aäv hkvXp-¡tfm XncnsI ssIhiw \ÂI-W-sa¶v
lÀPn-bn Bh-i-y-s¸-Smw. C¯cw lÀPn-I-fn tImSXn 15 Znh-k-¯n-\Iw FXnÀI-£n-tbmSv
adp-]Sn ]d-bm³ Bh-i-y-s¸-Spw. Aan-X-ambn \ÂIn Ignª ]eni apX-en-te¡v tNÀ¯Xmbn
]cn-K-Wn-¡m-\pw tImS-Xn-bn At]£ \ÂImw.
Bß-l-X-y¡v t{]cn-¸n-¨p-sh¶ Ipäw
IS-_m-[-yX
aqew hmbv]-sb-Sp¯bmtfm IpSpw-_mw-K-§-fm-sc-¦n-eptam Bß-l-Xy sNbvXm Â, AXn\p
ap¼v ]Ww XncnsI e`n-¡p-¶-Xn-te¡v ie-y-s¸-Sp-¯Â Dm-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶v
]cm-Xn-bp-s-¦nÂ, hmbv] \ÂInb BÄ (adn-s¨mcp sXfn-hp-m-bn-sÃ-¦nÂ) Bß-l-Xym
t{]c-W-¡p-ä-¯n\v in£n-¡-s¸-Smw.
AanX ]eni \nb-{´n-¡m³ tIcf
t]meo-knsâ kÀ¡p-edpw
A\-ymb
]en-ibv¡v ]Ww \ÂIp-¶-hsc \nb-{´n-¡m³
C´-y³ in£m \nb-a-¯nsâ Xs¶ ]e hIp-¸p-Ifpw tNÀ¯v tIkv FSp-¡-W-sa¶v tIcf t]meokv
BØm-\¯p \n¶p Xs¶ kÀ¡p-eÀ cq]-¯n D¯-c-hp-I-fp-v. hmbv]bv¡v CuSmbn _vfm¦v
sN¡p-IÄ, H¸n« t]¸-dp-IÄ, B[m-c-§Ä apX-em-bh hm§n hbv¡p-¶Xv Ipä-I-c-am-Wv.
_vfm¦v sN¡p-Ifpw ap{Z-]-{X-§fpw ImWn¨v ]Ww XncnsI \ÂIm³ \nÀ_-Ôn-¡p-¶hÀs¡-Xnsc
hym-P-tcJbpm-¡nb-Xn\v C´-y³ in£m \nb-a-{]-Im-cw (sF ]n kn 471) tIsk-Sp-¡mw.
hmbv]m XpI XncnsI AS-¡m³ BIn-söv Adnªp
sImp Xs¶ sN¡p-I-Ifpw _vfm¦v t]¸-dp-Ifpw Ic-Ø-am¡n ]n¶oSv AXn Fgp-Xn-t¨À¡p¶Xv
h©-\-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bpÅ hym-P-tc-J-bp-m-¡p¶ 7 hÀjw hsc XShv e`n-¡m-hp¶ Ipä-ambn
IW-¡m-¡mw. (sF ]n kn 420,468). aäm-sc-sb¦nepw D]-tbm-Kn¨v sN¡v _m¦n {]kâv
sNbvXv ]Ww XncnsI CuSm-¡m³ {ian-¡p-¶Xpw Ipä-I-c-am-Wv. ISw hm§nb Bsf NXn
sN¿-W-sa¶ hnNm-c-t¯msS DbÀ¶ XpI Fgp-Xn-t¨À¯v, bYmÀ BÄ Fgp-Xn-bmbn ImWn¨v
tcJ-I-I-fp-m-¡p-¶Xpw Ipä-amWv.
]en-itbm ]Wtam XncnsI e`n-¡m³ _vfm¦v
]{X-§fn Fgp-Xn-t¨À¯ tcJ-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn¨v `oj-Wn-bn-eqsS ]Ww XncnsI hm§p-¶Xv 10-
hÀjw XShv e`n-¡m-hp¶ Ipä-am-Wv. (sF ]n kn 384,389). ]Ww XncnsI e`n-¡p-¶-Xn\v
tcJ-Itfm, hml-\-§-tfm, hkvXp-¡tfm FSp-¯p-sImp t]mIp-¶Xv tamj-W-apÄs¸-sS-bpÅ
Ipä-Ir-X-§-fpsS ]«n-I-bn s]Spw. AXv `oj-Wn-bn-eq-sSbpw A{I-a-¯n-eq-sS-bp-amWv
sImp-t]m-Ip-¶-sX-¦n 10 hÀjw hsc XShp e`n-¡p¶ Ipä-ambn tIsk-Sp-¡mw. (sF ]n kn
392). At©m AXn-e-[n-Itam Bfp-IÄ tNÀ¶mWv CXv sN¿p-¶-sX-¦n Poh-]-c-y´w XShv hsc
e`n-¡m-hp¶ Ipähpw (sF ]n kn 395) t]meo-kv NmÀÖv sN¿-W-sa-¶mWv D¯-c-hv. Ønc-ambn
C¯cw Ipä-Ir-X-y-§Ä sN¿p-¶sc thW-sa-¦n Kpm enÌnepw DÄs¸-Sp-¯mw.
]cm-Xnbpw t]meokpw ]ns¶ d^À
dnt¸mÀ«pw
t]meo-knÂ
]cmXn \ÂIn-bn«pw ^e-ap-m-bn-sÃ-¦n aPn-kvt{Säv tImS-Xn-bn lÀPn \ÂIWw. ]cm-Xn-bnÂ
Ig-¼p-s-¦n tIkv At\-z-jn-¡m³ tImS-Xn¡v t]meo-kn\v D¯-chv \ÂImw. F¶m tImS-Xn-bn \n¶v Ab¨p In«p¶ ]cm-Xn-I-fnÂ
t]meokv F^v sF BÀ CSp-sa-¦nepw C¯cw tIkp-I-fn At\-z-jWw an¡-hmdpw Ah-km\w
sNs¶-¯p-¶Xv Hcp d^À dnt¸mÀ«n-em-bn-cn-¡pw. (At\-z-j-W-¯n Ipä-Ir-Xyw H¶pw
shfn-hm-bn-«nà F¶ dnt¸mÀ«v ). d^À
dnt¸mÀ«v \ÂIp¶ apdbv¡v AXv ]cm-Xn-¡m-cs\bpw Adn-bn-¨v cioXv ssI¸-ä-W-sa-¶mWv \nb-aw. (Nne tÌj-\p-I-fnÂ
BZ-y-L-«-¯n hmZn-bpsS samgn FSp-¡p-t¼mÄ Xs¶ d^À dnt¸mÀ«v ssI¸-äp¶ cio-Xnbpw
H¸n-Sp-hn-¡p¶ ]Wn-bp-ap-s¶pw t]meo-knse Xs¶ kqlr-¯p-¡Ä kz-Im-c-y-ambn
k½-Xn-¡p-¶p-apv.) ]ns¶ thW-sa-¦n ]cm-Xn-¡m-c³ hopw tImS-Xnsb kao-]n¨v tImSXn
t\cn«v tIkv Avt\-z-jn-¡-Ww. ]¨-bmbn ]d-ªmÂ, tImS-Xn-bn \n¶v t^mÀthÀUv sNbvXv
e`n-¡p¶ tIkp-IÄ ]et¸mgpw t]meokv Hcp ]pÑ-a-t\m-`m-h-¯n-emWv ImWp-¶-Xv. DS-\-Sn
F^v sF BÀ CtSn hcp-¶-Xpw, t\cn«v t]meo-kn\v tIskSp-¡p-t¼mÄ Dm-Ip¶ kzm-X-{´yw
CÃm-¯-Xp-sam-s¡-bmImw Imc-Ww. F¶m bYmÀ°-¯n AXv HutZ-ym-KnI Xe-¯n-epÅ henb
hogvN-bm-sW-¶pw, ]cm-Xn-¡m-c³ Cd-§n-¸p-d-s¸-«m Kuc-amb {]Xn-I-c-W-ap-m-Ip-a¶
hkvXpXbmsW¶pw ]pXnb ]e tÌj³ lukv Hm^o-kÀamcpw Adnªp hcp-t¶-bp-Åq.
F´p-X-s¶-bm-bm-epw, \nb-a-ap-m-b-Xp-sImp am{Xw Imc-y-an-Ã, AXv t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡m³
A¸w sa\-s¡-«m-sW-¦nepw Cd-§-¯n-cn¨mse {]tbm-P-\-ap-m-Iq.