ILLEGAL MONEY LENDING AND ISSUES IN KERALA - ARTICLE.

]en-i-bn s]menª Pohn-X-§Ä

tIc-f-¯n Bbn-c-¡-W-¡n\v Bfp-I-fmWv kz-Im-cy ]W-an-S-]m-Sp-Im-cpsS AanX ]eni Xm§m-\m-ImsX,  Pohn-¡p¶ ih-i-co-c-§-fmbn tIgp-¶-Xv. Znhk h«n (Zn-hkw {]Xn ]eni IW-¡m-¡p-¶-Xv), aWn-¡qÀ h«n (a-Wn-¡qÀ A\p-k-cn¨v ]eni), aoäÀ h«n, Iµp h«n, X­Â... C§s\ t]mIp¶p ]en-i-¡W-¡nsâ \ma-t[-b-§Ä.  1958 se aWn sesâÀkv \nb-a-{]-Im-c-amWv tIc-f-¯n kz-Im-cy ]W-an-S-]mSn\v ssek³kv \ÂIp-¶Xpw \nb-{´-W-§Ä GÀs¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xpw. ssek³kn-ÃmsX ]en-ibv¡v ]Ww \ÂIp-¶Xpw AwKo-IrX _m¦p-IÄ hm§p-¶-Xn--s\-¡mÄ c­p iX-am-\-¯n-e-[nIw ]eni hm§p-¶Xpw {Inan-\ Ipä-am-Wv. F¶m AX-ym-h-iy L«-¯n ]Ww e`-n-¡p-¶-Xn\v _m¦v Bh-i-y-s¸-Sp¶ tcJ-IÄ lmP-cm-¡m³ km[n-¡m-¯-hÀ¡v C§s\ e`-n-¡p¶ ]Ww ]e L«-¯nepw Hgn-hm-¡m-\p-am-Ip-¶n-Ã.

IY-b-Ã, PohnXw

acnb tPmk^v AX-ym-h-iyw hnZ-ym-`-ym-k-apÅ kv{Xobm-Wv. a¡-fpsS hnZ-ym-`-ymkw GXm­v ]qÀ¯n-bm-b-t¸mÄ, apgp-h³ ka-bhpw `À¯m-hnsâ _nkn-\Êv Imc-y-§Ä t\m¡p-¶-Xn\v Ahcpw kabw Is­-¯n. \à \ne-bn \S-¡p¶ _nkn-\-Êv. c­p Imdpw \à hoSpw FÃm kuI-c-y-hp-ap-­v. kÀ¡mÀ Øm]-\-amb sI Fkv F^v C bn aq¶p \mev Nn«n-Ifpw IrX-ambn AS-bv¡p-¶p. henb XpI \nt£-]n-¡p¶ _nkn-\-Êm-Wv; AXn\p X¡ em`-hp-ap-­m-Ipw. A{]-Xo-£n-X-ambn Nne _nÃp-I-fn SmIvkv kw_-Ô-amb {]iv\§Ä ImcWw XpI amdn-sb-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn\v Ime-Xm-akw h¶p. Nn«n hnfn-s¨-Sp-¡m-sa¶p Icp-Xn-b-t¸mÄ c­v kÀ¡mÀ DtZ-ym-K-Ø-cpsS Pmayw thWw, AsÃ-¦n hoSnsâ B[mcw CuSmbn \ÂI-Ww, AXv HmhÀ {Um^väv e`n-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn _m¦n h¨n-cn-¡p-I-bp-am-Wv.

A¸w AIse 50 skâv Øew hm§n-bn-«Xv hn¡m³ Btem-Nn-s¨-¦nepw s]s«¶v hn¡p-t¼mÄ hne e`n-¡m-¯-Xp-Im-cWw AXpw ths­¶p h¨p. _n amdm³ ]ns¶bpw Xmakw h¶p. a¡-fpsS D¶-X-hn-Z-ym-`-ym-k-apÄs¸-sS-bpÅ Nne-Im-c-y-§Ä¡mbn amän-h¨ ]W-amWv Cu In«m-\pÅ _nÃnsâ t{]mP-IvSn \nt£-]n-¨-Xv. A§-s\-bn-cns¡ ]Ån-bn h¨v ]cn-N-b-s¸« HcmÄ ]en-ibv¡v ]Ww ISw \ÂIp¶ asäm-cm-fnsâ hnh-c-§Ä \ÂIn. `À¯m-hnsâ hnjaw a\-Ên-em-¡nb acnb tPmk^v asäm-¶p-am-tem-Nn-¨n-Ã. DSs\ Abmsf t]mbn I­p. ]nsä Znhkw Xs¶ XpI \ÂIm-sa¶v AhÀ k½-Xn-¨p. GXm\pw _vfm¦v sN¡p-I-fpw, H¸n« _vfm¦v ap{Z-]-{Xhpw, 50 skâv Øe-¯nsâ B[m-c-¯nsâ t^mt«m-Ìmäp tIm¸nbpw am{Xw aXn-sb¶v AhÀ ]d-ªp. Bh-i-y-s¸« apgp-h³ XpIbpw AhÀ \ÂIn.

amkm-amkw ]eni \ÂI-Ww, \qdv cq]bv¡v 10 cq] sh¨mWv ]eni IW-¡m-¡p-¶-Xv. DSs\ Xs¶ _nÃv amdp-sa¶v Dd-¸m-bn-cp¶ ImcWw thKw ISw XoÀ¡m-sa¶p acnb Icp-Xn. _nÃn ho­pw SmIvkv kw_-Ô-amb DS-¡p-IÄ, _nÃv ]mkm-t¡­ DtZ-ymKس \o­ A-h-[n-bnÂ... A§s\ ]e Imc-W-§-fm _nÃv ]mkm-Ip-¶Xv \o­p t]mbn. At¸m-tg¡pw ASp¯  t{]mP-IvSnsâ ]Wn XpS-§m-dm-bn, ho­pw ]Ww Bh-i-y-am-bn. acnb tPmk^v XfÀ¶p. ]eni Xncn-¨-Shv apS¡w h¶-t¸mÄ, Hcp cPn-kvt{SÀUv t\m«okv e`n-¨pþ X§-fpsS 50 skâv Øew hn¸-\-bv¡mbn IcmÀ Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¶pw, AXv F{Xbpw thKw Xodv \S-¯n-s¡m-Sp-¯n-sæn tImS-Xn-bn tIkv B¡p-sa-¶p-amWv t\m«o-kv. t\m¡n-b-t¸mÄ A¶v H¸n«p sImSp¯ _vfm¦v ap{Z-¸-{X-¯n \nÊmc hnebv¡v Hcp hn¸-\-¡-cmÀ D­m-¡n-b-Xnsâ tIm¸nbpw I­p. Ae-dn-¡-cªv ]eni CS-]m-Sp-Im-cs\ t^mWn hnf-¨-t¸mÄ AbmÄ ]nsä-Zn-hkw ho«n NÀ¨-bv¡mbn hcm-sa-t¶-äp. ]nsä Znhkw IqsS asäm-cm-fp-ambn AbmÄ h¶p.-]Ww \ÂIn-bXv h³tXm-¡p-I-fm-sW¶pw AhÀ¡v ]eni \ÂIn-bn-sÃ-¦n _p²n-ap-«m-Ip-sa¶pw hni-Zo-I-cn-¨p. apS¡p ]eni IqSn Iq«n-h-¶-t¸mÄ hm§n-b-Xn-t\m-S-Sp¯ XpI ho­pw h¶p. HSp-hn ho«n _l-f-ambn, AbÂhm-kn-IÄ {i²n¨p XpS-§n. HSp-hn t]mÀ¨n InS-¡p¶ 9 e£w cq]-bpsS ImÀ AhÀ¡v sImSp-¯m hym-P-ambn D­m-¡nb hn¸-\-¡-cmÀ Xncn-sI-X-cm-sa-¶m-bn. AhÀ Imdp-ambn t]mbn, Icm-sdm«p XncnsI \ÂIn-b-Xp-an-Ã. DSs\ Xs¶ `mc-ybpw `À¯mhpw IqSn t]meokv tkä-j-\n-se¯n ]cmXn \ÂIn. t]meokv c­p Iq«-scbpw hnfn-¸-¨p. ]Ww XncnsI \ÂIm³ Ime-Xm-akw \ÂIm-sa-¶pw, ImÀ X§-fpsS ssIh-i-an-söpw FXnÀI-£n-IÄ ]d-ªp. t]meokv \S-]Sn AhnsS XoÀ¶p. ]ns¶ t\cn«v tImS-Xn-bn lÀPn \ÂIn, tImSXn t]meo-kn-t\mSv At\-z-j-W-¯n\v D¯-c-hn-«p. At-\-z-jWw \S-¯nb t]meokv tIkv hkvXp-X-IÄ sXän-²-cn¨v D­m-b-Xm-sW¶v ImWn¨v XÅn, tImS-Xn-bn d^À dnt¸mÀ«v \ÂIn.

]eni \ÂI-W-sa-¶m-h-i-y-a-s¸«v ho­pw `oj-Wn, shfp-¸n\v ka-b¯v hoSn\p ap¶n A]-cn-Nn-XÀ Ønc-ambn XSÊw sN¿p-¶p. ]Ån-bn t]mepw t]mIm³ BIp-¶n-Ã. BsI XIÀ¶n-cns¡ Hcp sN¡v aS-§n-b-Xmbn ImWn¨v h¡o t\m«okv In«n. t\m¡n-b-t¸mÄ \ÂIn-bn-cp¶ _vfm¦v sN¡p-I-fn H¶v `oa-amb XpI ImW¨v Hcp ]cn-N-b-hp-an-Ãm¯ HcmÄ Xangv \m«nse GtXm Hcp _m¦n aS-§n-b-Xmbn Btcm-]-Ww. A[nIw \mÄ Ign-ªn-Ã, Xangv \mSv tImS-Xn-bn \n¶pw ka³kv. sXm«-Sp¯ Znhkw ImkÀtImSv Hcp _m¦n sN¡v aS-§n-sb¶v ImWn¨v atäsXm Hcm-fpsS h¡o t\m«o-kv. C\n Chn-sS-sbm-s¡ t]mbn c­v BfpsS Pmayw FSp-¡-W-sa¶v At\-z-j-W-¯n a\-Ên-em-bn. BsI XIÀ¶ acnb tPmk-^n\v PohnXw Xs¶ aSp-¯p. CXn-\nsb HmhÀ {Um^väv C\-¯nÂ, hoSn\pw _m¦n \n¶pw skI-yq-cn-ssä-tk-j³ \nb-a-{]-Imcw P]vXn t\m«o-kv. Cu IpSpw-_-¯nsâ Imc-y-sa-´m-Ip-sa¶v C\n Imew sXfn-bn-¡pw. CXv Hä-s¸« kw`-h-a-Ã, ]en-i-bn s]men-bp¶ C¯cw Pohn-X- IY-IÄ C\n-bp-ap-­v.

ho­pw ]pXn-sbmcp \nbaw

-1958 apX Xs¶ kz-Im-cy ]W-an-S-]mSv \nb-{´n¡m³ \nb-a-ap-s­-¦nepw acnb tPmk-^ns\ t]mepÅ Bfp-I-fpsS IY kÀ¡m-cns\ ]pXn-sbmcp \nb-a-ap-­m-¡m³ t{]cn-¸n-¨p. 2012 BKkvXv amkw tIcf kÀ¡mÀ AanX ]eni CuSm-¡p-¶-Xn-s\-Xnsc kÀ¡mÀ HmÀUn-\³kv Cd-¡n. AanX ]eni CuSm-¡Â \ntcm-[\ \nbaw 2012 AXnsâ AX-ym-h-iyw ]cn-K-Wn¨v \nb-a-k` kt½-f-\-an-Ãm-Xn-cp-¶n-«p-IqSn HmÀUn-\³kv cq]-¯n ]pd-¯n-d-§n. Znhk h«n, aWn-¡qÀ h«n, Iµp-h-«n, aoäÀ h«n, X­Â ]eni Ch-sbs¡ \nb-a-hn-cp-²-am-sW¶ coXn-bn \nÀÆ-N-\-§Ä h¶p. ]en-ibpw ]Whpw Bh-i-y-s¸«v AIm-c-W-ambn ie-y-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶Xpw ie-y-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn\v t{]cn-¸n-¡p-¶Xpw 3 hÀjw XShpw 50000 cq] ]ngbpw in£ e`n-¡p¶XmWv ]pXnb \nb-aw.

bYmÀ° hmbv]m XpI tImS-Xn-bn sI«n-hbv¡mw

IS-¡m-c\v bYmÀ° hmbv]mXpI \nb-a-{]-Im-c-apÅ ]en-i-bpw tImS-Xn-bn sI«n-h-¨v, ]W-an-S-]m-Sn-te¡v apgp-h-\mtbm `mKo-I-amtbm Cu XpI CuSm-¡n, A\-ym-b-ambn ssIh-i-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p¶ `qantbm aäv hkvXp-¡tfm XncnsI ssIhiw \ÂI-W-sa¶v lÀPn-bn Bh-i-y-s¸-Smw. C¯cw lÀPn-I-fn tImSXn 15 Znh-k-¯n-\Iw FXnÀI-£n-tbmSv adp-]Sn ]d-bm³ Bh-i-y-s¸-Spw. Aan-X-ambn \ÂIn Ignª ]eni apX-en-te¡v tNÀ¯Xmbn ]cn-K-Wn-¡m-\pw tImS-Xn-bn At]£ \ÂImw.

Bß-l-X-y¡v t{]cn-¸n-¨p-sh¶ Ipäw

IS-_m-[-yX aqew hmbv]-sb-Sp¯bmtfm IpSpw-_mw-K-§-fm-sc-¦n-eptam Bß-l-Xy sNbvXm Â, AXn\p ap¼v ]Ww XncnsI e`n-¡p-¶-Xn-te¡v ie-y-s¸-Sp-¯Â D­m-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶v ]cm-Xn-bp-s­-¦nÂ, hmbv] \ÂInb BÄ (adn-s¨mcp sXfn-hp-­m-bn-sÃ-¦nÂ) Bß-l-Xym t{]c-W-¡p-ä-¯n\v in£n-¡-s¸-Smw.

AanX ]eni \nb-{´n-¡m³ tIcf t]meo-knsâ kÀ¡p-edpw

A\-ymb ]en-ibv¡v  ]Ww \ÂIp-¶-hsc \nb-{´n-¡m³ C´-y³ in£m \nb-a-¯nsâ Xs¶ ]e hIp-¸p-Ifpw tNÀ¯v tIkv FSp-¡-W-sa¶v tIcf t]meokv BØm-\¯p \n¶p Xs¶ kÀ¡p-eÀ cq]-¯n D¯-c-hp-I-fp-­v. hmbv]bv¡v CuSmbn _vfm¦v sN¡p-IÄ, H¸n« t]¸-dp-IÄ, B[m-c-§Ä apX-em-bh hm§n hbv¡p-¶Xv Ipä-I-c-am-Wv. _vfm¦v sN¡p-Ifpw ap{Z-]-{X-§fpw ImWn¨v ]Ww XncnsI \ÂIm³ \nÀ_-Ôn-¡p-¶hÀs¡-Xnsc hym-P-tcJbp­m-¡nb-Xn\v C´-y³ in£m \nb-a-{]-Im-cw (sF ]n kn 471) tIsk-Sp-¡mw.

         hmbv]m XpI XncnsI AS-¡m³ BIn-söv Adnªp sIm­p Xs¶ sN¡p-I-Ifpw _vfm¦v t]¸-dp-Ifpw Ic-Ø-am¡n ]n¶oSv AXn Fgp-Xn-t¨À¡p¶Xv h©-\-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bpÅ hym-P-tc-J-bp-­m-¡p¶ 7 hÀjw hsc XShv e`n-¡m-hp¶ Ipä-ambn IW-¡m-¡mw. (sF ]n kn 420,468). aäm-sc-sb¦nepw D]-tbm-Kn¨v sN¡v _m¦n {]kâv sNbvXv ]Ww XncnsI CuSm-¡m³ {ian-¡p-¶Xpw Ipä-I-c-am-Wv. ISw hm§nb Bsf NXn sN¿-W-sa¶ hnNm-c-t¯msS DbÀ¶ XpI Fgp-Xn-t¨À¯v, bYmÀ BÄ Fgp-Xn-bmbn ImWn¨v tcJ-I-I-fp-­m-¡p-¶Xpw Ipä-amWv.

         ]en-itbm ]Wtam XncnsI e`n-¡m³ _vfm¦v ]{X-§fn Fgp-Xn-t¨À¯ tcJ-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn¨v `oj-Wn-bn-eqsS ]Ww XncnsI hm§p-¶Xv 10- hÀjw XShv e`n-¡m-hp¶ Ipä-am-Wv. (sF ]n kn 384,389). ]Ww XncnsI e`n-¡p-¶-Xn\v tcJ-Itfm, hml-\-§-tfm, hkvXp-¡tfm FSp-¯p-sIm­p t]mIp-¶Xv tamj-W-apÄs¸-sS-bpÅ Ipä-Ir-X-§-fpsS ]«n-I-bn s]Spw. AXv `oj-Wn-bn-eq-sSbpw A{I-a-¯n-eq-sS-bp-amWv sIm­p-t]m-Ip-¶-sX-¦n 10 hÀjw hsc XShp e`n-¡p¶ Ipä-ambn tIsk-Sp-¡mw. (sF ]n kn 392). At©m AXn-e-[n-Itam Bfp-IÄ tNÀ¶mWv CXv sN¿p-¶-sX-¦n Poh-]-c-y´w XShv hsc e`n-¡m-hp¶ Ipähpw (sF ]n kn 395) t]meo-kv NmÀÖv sN¿-W-sa-¶mWv D¯-c-hv. Ønc-ambn C¯cw Ipä-Ir-X-y-§Ä sN¿p-¶sc thW-sa-¦n Kp­m enÌnepw DÄs¸-Sp-¯mw.

]cm-Xnbpw t]meokpw ]ns¶ d^À dnt¸mÀ«pw

t]meo-kn ]cmXn \ÂIn-bn«pw ^e-ap-­m-bn-sÃ-¦n aPn-kvt{Säv tImS-Xn-bn lÀPn \ÂIWw. ]cm-Xn-bn Ig-¼p-s­-¦n tIkv At\-z-jn-¡m³ tImS-Xn¡v t]meo-kn\v D¯-chv \ÂImw. F¶m  tImS-Xn-bn \n¶v Ab¨p In«p¶ ]cm-Xn-I-fn t]meokv F^v sF BÀ CSp-sa-¦nepw C¯cw tIkp-I-fn At\-z-jWw an¡-hmdpw Ah-km\w sNs¶-¯p-¶Xv Hcp d^À dnt¸mÀ«n-em-bn-cn-¡pw. (At\-z-j-W-¯n Ipä-Ir-Xyw H¶pw shfn-hm-bn-«nà F¶ dnt¸mÀ«v ).  d^À dnt¸mÀ«v \ÂIp¶ apdbv¡v AXv ]cm-Xn-¡m-cs\bpw Adn-bn-¨v cioXv  ssI¸-ä-W-sa-¶mWv \nb-aw. (Nne tÌj-\p-I-fn BZ-y-L-«-¯n hmZn-bpsS samgn FSp-¡p-t¼mÄ Xs¶ d^À dnt¸mÀ«v ssI¸-äp¶ cio-Xnbpw H¸n-Sp-hn-¡p¶ ]Wn-bp-ap-s­¶pw t]meo-knse Xs¶ kqlr-¯p-¡Ä kz-Im-c-y-ambn k½-Xn-¡p-¶p-ap­v.) ]ns¶ thW-sa-¦n ]cm-Xn-¡m-c³ ho­pw tImS-Xnsb kao-]n¨v tImSXn t\cn«v tIkv Avt\-z-jn-¡-Ww. ]¨-bmbn ]d-ªmÂ, tImS-Xn-bn \n¶v t^mÀthÀUv sNbvXv e`n-¡p¶ tIkp-IÄ ]et¸mgpw t]meokv Hcp ]pÑ-a-t\m-`m-h-¯n-emWv ImWp-¶-Xv. DS-\-Sn F^v sF BÀ CtS­n hcp-¶-Xpw, t\cn«v t]meo-kn\v tIskSp-¡p-t¼mÄ D­m-Ip¶ kzm-X-{´yw CÃm-¯-Xp-sam-s¡-bmImw Imc-Ww. F¶m bYmÀ°-¯n AXv HutZ-ym-KnI Xe-¯n-epÅ henb hogvN-bm-sW-¶pw, ]cm-Xn-¡m-c³ Cd-§n-¸p-d-s¸-«m Kuc-amb {]Xn-I-c-W-ap-­m-Ip-a¶ hkvXpXbmsW¶pw ]pXnb ]e tÌj³ lukv Hm^o-kÀamcpw Adnªp hcp-t¶-bp-Åq. F´p-X-s¶-bm-bm-epw, \nb-a-ap-­m-b-Xp-sIm­p am{Xw Imc-y-an-Ã, AXv t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡m³ A¸w sa\-s¡-«m-sW-¦nepw Cd-§-¯n-cn¨mse {]tbm-P-\-ap-­m-Iq.